Ilorin Journal of Business Education(IJBE) ISSN:2659-0050 is a quarterly blind peer-reviewed research-based journal published by the Department of Educational Management, University of Ilorin. IJBE is in both print and online, deposited in the ISSN International Centre database. The journal is also listed in University of Ilorin Journal list. The first publication of Ilorin Journal of Business Education Vol 1, No 1 was in 2016. The journal aimed at contributing to a platform where research ideas, concepts and findings can be discussed and disseminated. The journal promotes the publication of well researched scholarly articles in the field of Education, Administration and Entrepreneurship. IJBE promotes interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research across several fields of study, such as: Entrepreneurship Finance and Marketing Consumer studies Management Studies Innovation and Artificial Intelligence Studies Office Technology and Computer application in work place Marketing, and Arts and Humanities
Perceived Influence of E- Marketing on Products Distribution and Profitability of Retail Firms in Lagos Nigeria
The study examined the perceived influence of e-marketing on product distribution and profitability of retail firms.The study employed the descriptive survey design. Two research questions guided the study and two hypotheses were tested using the independent t- test at 0.5 level of significance. The population of the study was 480 retail firms' customers, ten experienced and ten inexperienced retail firms' managers. Purposive sampling technique was used to draw10 key informants who were used as initial samples. This was used because the researcher is aware of the fact that the initial samples have adequate knowledge of the subject matter. This referral (snowball) sampling was used to generate additional 470 respondents bringing the final sample to 480 respondent (Customers) and 20 managers. The main instrument for data collection was a four point rating scale questionnaire with 18 items. The data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation to answer the two research questions and determine the homogeneity or otherwise of the respondents while the independent t-test was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that affiliate marketing influenced retails firms' product distribution and also increased their profitability level. It was concluded that the use of affiliate marketing will increase retail firms' brand awareness. Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, it was recommended among others that retail firms managers should extensively utilize affiliate marketing in their businesses to enable them effectively distribute their products to a wider market and attract customers all over the globe. It was also recommendation that retail firms' managers should fully engage the services of affiliates to market their products to enable them reduce cost of marketing and also to increase their sales turnover.
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QUALITY ASSURANCE AND BUSINESS EDUCATION PROGRAMME IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA.
This study investigated quality assurance on business education programme in public universities in Kwara State. The study had three objectives, three research questions and three hypotheses. Descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The population for the study comprised 229 business education final year undergraduate students. The whole population was used as sample. The instrument titled Quality Assurance of Business Education Programme (QABEP) was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by two experts. The instrument reliability coefficient was 0.77. Data were collected from the universities with the support of two guided research assistant. Descriptive statistics of (mean and standard deviation) was used to answer the research questions, while t-test analysis was used to tests the hypotheses. The findings of study revealed that, there is no significant difference in the quality of lecturers teaching Business Education programme in the public universities in Kwara State t-value (1.37) and the yielded p-value (0.064). There is no significant in the quality of instructional resources for teaching Business Education programme in the public university in Kwara State t-value (1.22) and the yielded p-value (0.066). There is no significant in the quality of students' admission process for business education programme in the public university in Kwara State t-value (1.38) and the yielded p-value (0.072). Hence, all null hypotheses formulated were accepted. Based on the findings, it was concluded that there is no significant difference in business education programme in public universities in Kwara State. It was therefore recommended, among others, that the managements of public universities in Kwara State should continue to ensure that qualified lecturers are employed to teach business education courses in their institutions so as achieved its stated objectives.
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PERCEIVED INFLUENCE OF CONTRIBUTORY PENSION SCHEME ON ENTREPRENEURIAL PROSPECTS OF BUSINESS EDUCATORS IN NIGERIA
The study was conducted to determine the influence of contributory pension scheme on entrepreneurial prospects of business educators in colleges of education in the south-west, Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were raised. Descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. The population of the study consisted of all business educators who are academic staff in all the colleges of education in the south-west, Nigeria. The instrument used in the study was a four-rating scale questionnaire known as Contributory Pension Scheme Questionnaire (CONPESNIQ). Split-half method was used for reliability correlation and the coefficient was 0.88. Research questions were answered with the use of descriptive statistical tool of frequent count, mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested with inferential statistical tool of t-test. The result of the analysis showed that contributory pension scheme had significant influence on business educators' entrepreneurship prospects and that major problem confronting effective implementation of contributory pension scheme in south-west, Nigeria is lack of consequential adjustment. The study recommended among others, that for contributory pension scheme to play its entrepreneurial role, employers of labour should ensure that their mandatory 10% contribution is correctly computed and remitted to business educators' pension administrators as at when due so that funds can be made available for retired business educators for entrepreneurial and economic activities and that The pension reform act of 2014 must be constantly reviewed so that the flaws in the act can be corrected for the benefits of retired business educators and other retirees.
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION STRATEGIES AS A PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH FOR ENHANCING THE TEACHING OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION SKILLS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
This study investigates the effectiveness of creativity and innovation strategies as pedagogical approaches for enhancing the teaching of entrepreneurship education skills in tertiary institutions in the digital era. Employing a descriptive survey design, data were collected from a population of 480 students enrolled in business and entrepreneurship education courses, with a sample size of 144 selected using the Taro Yamane sampling method. A structured questionnaire served as the primary data collection instrument. The survey research design was adopted for the study and data analysis involved the use of mean and standard deviation to address research questions, the Pearson Chi-Square test to test hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level with result of the hypotheses at 40.479 and 31.415 for the variables of creativity and innovation respectively with which their p-value is less the typical level of significance, thus rejecting the null hypotheses and indicating that there is a significant association between the variables respectively. Findings indicate that creativity and innovation, are essential strategic elements in teaching entrepreneurship skills in higher education. The descriptive statistics revealed a favourable perception of the effectiveness of creativity and innovation for entrepreneurship education. The study concludes that the mere teaching and understanding of theoretical concepts are insufficient for developing adequate entrepreneurship skills. It recommends that creativity and innovation should be central components of entrepreneurship curricula, with students actively be encouraged and trained to cultivate creative and innovative thinking to foster entrepreneurship growth and advancement.
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IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING ON ORGANISATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY AT FORTUNATE BREAD, OSOGBO, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
Employee well-being is increasingly recognized as a crucial factor influencing organizational productivity. This study examined the impact of employee well-being on organizational productivity at Fortunate Bread, Osogbo, Osun State, with a specific focus on job satisfaction, sustainable practices, and workplace culture. The researcher adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study surveyed 98 employees, selected from a total population of 130 employees, using Karasar’s (2014) sampling formula. Data collection employed a structured questionnaire based on validated measurement scales. At the same time, the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) was used to examine the strength and direction of relationships between employee well-being dimensions and productivity outcomes. Furthermore, to test the underlying hypotheses and explore the direct and indirect effects among variables, Path Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (PA-SEM) was conducted with the aid of STATA version 15. The findings revealed that job satisfaction (x = 79.54, r-value = 0.660, β = 0.832) has the most potent positive effect on organizational productivity, followed by workplace culture (x = 57.32, r-value = 0.583, β = 0.750) and sustainable practices (x = 61.90, r-value = 0.675, β = 0.727), all with statistically significant relationships (p < 0.00). The results highlight that employees who experience greater job satisfaction, work in an ethical and sustainable environment, and feel included in a positive workplace culture tend to be more productive. Conversely, neglecting employee well-being leads to decreased engagement, high turnover, and lower efficiency. This study contributes to the growing discourse on workplace well-being and productivity by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between employee satisfaction and business success. It implements structured well-being programs, fosters workplace diversity, and supports environmental initiatives to boost employee morale, reduce absenteeism, and drive organizational performance. The study prioritizes employee well-being as a driver of long-term business development and sustainability as an imperative strategy
ILORIN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS EDUCATION (IJBE) A Publication of Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. SIXTH EDITION
Repositioning Gender Challenges and Knowledge Production in Public Universities in Kwara State
Knowledge production deals with application of acquired knowledge in dealing with real life issues meanwhile there are challenges that deter knowledge production which hinges on gender challenge. Based on this background examined the relationship between repositioning gender challenges and knowledge production in Kwara State universities. The population of the study comprised 545 lecturers out of which 137 were sampled. Five research questions were raised to guide the study while hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a descriptive survey of correlational type in order to describe the existing condition without manipulation. Two validated research questionnaires titled Repositioning Gender Challenges Knowledge Production Questionnaire (RGCKPQ) and Gender Challenges Knowledge Production Questionnaire (GCKPQ) Reliability of the instruments was carried out with the use of Cronbach Apha and the result was 0.75 and 0.78 respectively. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions and Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed that there are gender challenges; more males are involved in knowledge production and solutions were identified. The study concluded that knowledge production requires contribution from both gender and it was recommended among others that causes of gender challenges should be reduced to the barest minimum.
SCHOOL RECORD KEEPING: A TOOL FOR 21ST CENTURY MANAGEMENT OF BASIC EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
This paper examines the issue of school record keeping. It specifically analyses the importance of record keeping as a management tool for the attainment of the objectives of basic education in Nigeria in the 21st century. It uses the method of historical and philosophical analysis in the examination of the various issues of record keeping, and in considering the implications for quality delivery of basic education in Nigeria. This implies the use of primary and secondary sources of data such as diaries, interviews, log book, minutes of meetings, policy documents, journals and other related materials. It was found that school records are basically of two types: statutory and non-statutory and could be kept at both individual and school levels. In both cases, school records should be carefully kept to enhance managerial efficiency. It is recommended that head teachers, assistant head teachers, teachers and non-teachers are equipped with the required skills and provide them with modern storage facilities for record keeping in basic schools. This would enhance managerial efficiency in Nigerian basic schools and consequently, the attainment of robust national development in the 21st century
VULNERABILITY INDICATORS AND TRAINING MITIGATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN IN NIGERIA
Despite global efforts to alleviate poverty, rural women remain disproportionately vulnerable due to systemic challenges, limited access to resources, and socio-economic barriers. This study investigated poverty vulnerability indicators and training mitigating imperatives for the sustainable economic empowerment of rural women in the Womi/Ayaki ward of Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. This research identified key indicators of poverty vulnerability, including inadequate housing, poor nutrition, and limited access to education and healthcare. It emphasized the need for targeted interventions such as skill acquisition training and cooperative society initiatives to enhance the economic capacity of these women. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study examined poverty vulnerability indicators. The study aim to provide actionable insights for policymakers and development agencies, highlighting the significance of tailored interventions that address the unique challenges faced by rural women in the Womi/Ayaki ward. Among the findings is that rural women in Womi/Ayaki perceive several significant barriers to their sustainable economic empowerment, which underscore the complexities faced by rural women in achieving sustainable economic empowerment. Based on the findings from the data analysed, it was concluded that the critical poverty vulnerability indicators impacting rural women in the Womi/Ayaki ward, include barriers such as limited access to education, healthcare, and financial resources that perpetuate cycles of poverty. Based on the conclusion, it was recommended among others that Ministry of Commerce and Industry should establish a comprehensive data collection system to continuously monitor and assess poverty vulnerability indicators specific to rural women in the Womi/Ayaki ward, enabling targeted interventions based on real-time data
REVOLUTIONALISING TEACHING IN OFFICE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME FOR ACADEMIC DEVELOPMENT IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN EKITI STATE. NIGERIA
This study assessed revolutionizing teaching in office technology and management programme for academic development in tertiary institution in Ekiti State. Descriptive design was adopted for this study to accurately describe the characteristics of the population and establish baseline understanding. Two research questions guides the study and two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population will consist of all lecturers in tertiary institutions in Ekiti State, while the target population will be lecturers’ from four selected tertiary institutions in Ekiti State where Office technology and management programme is offered. The entire 35 lecturers was adopted as sample for the study because of the manageable size. The instrument used for the study was a structured questionnaire tagged questionnaire on the revolutionizing teaching in office technology and management programme for academic development (QROTMPAD). The instrument was validated by experts in business education and test and measurement. Cronbach Alpha was adopted for the reliability and 0.81 reliability coefficient was obtained. Data obtained from the respondents were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that majority of the lecturers do not make use of Google application for academic activities. Steam and virtual learning management system was not fully adopted by the lecturers to facilitate teaching and learning activities. Augmented and virtual reality were not fully utilized by OTM lecturers for instructional delivery. It was therefore concluded that OTM lecturers did not use maximally latest technological pedagogy modern technologies for teaching and learning activities. The study recommended that management and educational stakeholder in the field should infuse new technological pedagogy system of learning in OTM programme for instructional delivery. The latest information technology available in 21st century business environment should be provided for instructional delivery. OTM lecturers should be upskill on how to utilize the new pedagogical system for teaching and learning activities
ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOUR AS DETERMINANTS OF BUSINESS STUDIES TEACHERS’JOB PERFORMANCE IN OYO STATE PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS, NIGERIA
Job performance of Nigerian teachers has been a major concern to all stakeholders, especially Business Studies teachers. This was due to the rate of failure in both Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE) and National Examination Council (NECO) in recent times, particularly between 2008 and 2014. This research therefore investigated the potency of organizational climate and leadership behaviour as determinants of Business Studies teachers’ job performance in Oyo State public secondary schools, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was used. Two null hypotheses were postulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. A sample of 1,395 participants was selected through multistage stratified random sampling technique out of 2,646 population of business studies teachers and principals in Oyo state public secondary schools. Data were collected using three validated instruments: Organizational Climate Survey Questionnaire (OCSQ) r = 0.859, Leadership Behaviour Questionnaire (LBQ) r = 0.901 and the teachers’ job performance rating scale (TJPRS) r = 0.79. Teachers’ Job Performance Rating Scale was adopted from Ubabudu (2005), the remaining two instruments were adapted and validity and reliability were done by Internal Consistency and Cronbach Alfa methods respectively. Multiple Regression Analysis was used for data analysis. Findings revealed that leadership behaviour and organisational climate significantly combined to determine teachers’ job performance (F2,1144 = 69.201; p < .05). Also, Leadership behaviour (Beta = .248; t = 7.538; p < .05) and organisational climate (Beta = .122; t = 3.701; p < 0.05) independently made significant contributions as determinants of job performance of Business Studies teachers in Oyo state secondary schools. It was recommended that School principals should always imbibe and exhibit good leadership behaviour and that school organizational climate should be made friendly to enhance Business Studies teachers’ job performance.
TEACHERS’ COMPENSATION PACKAGES IN NIGERIAN PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD
Education remains the bedrock of sustainable development, and at the heart of this foundation are teachers who are architects of knowledge, character, and innovation. In Nigeria’s rapidly expanding private education sector, teachers in secondary schools play an indispensable role in shaping the future of the nation. However, the effectiveness of these educators is increasingly threatened by inadequate and inequitable compensation systems. This paper examines the multifaceted challenges hindering fair teacher compensation in Nigerian private secondary schools, including profit-driven school ownership models, economic instability, low and irregular income, poor financial management, multiple taxation, and weak regulatory oversight. These systemic barriers have led to poor remuneration, delayed salaries, low morale, and high turnover among teachers. The paper further explores the engagement of unqualified teachers, lack of career advancement opportunities, and insufficient welfare provisions as aggravating factors. The study advocates for the development of a national compensation framework for private schools, the provision of tax incentives to compliant ones, capacity building for proprietors, promotion of teacher unions, and the establishment of teacher welfare funds. In addition, strategies like, increased stakeholder collaboration, transparent financial management, and active parental engagement were proffered to address the challenges. The findings underscore that compensating teacher fairly is not merely a labor issue, it is a national priority and a strategic investment in human capital. Ultimately, the paper concludes that revitalizing the compensation structure of private secondary school teachers in Nigeria will not only uplift educators but also enhance the credibility and outcomes of the country’s entire educational system
ECONOMIC VALUE OF CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN SOLVING THE CHALLENGES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA
Unemployment remains a major socio-economic challenge in Nigeria, particularly among youth. While economic solutions have largely focused on government interventions and private sector initiatives, the role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) in addressing unemployment has been underexplored. This paper investigates the economic value of CRE in equipping individuals with values, skills, and entrepreneurial capabilities that can reduce unemployment rates in Nigeria. Drawing on scriptural teachings, educational frameworks, and socio-economic theories, the study argues that CRE fosters ethical behaviour, diligence, creativity, and stewardship values critical for self-employment and economic sustainability. It concludes that integrating practical economic and entrepreneurial elements into CRE can significantly reduce unemployment in Nigeria. The work suggest that CRE curriculum at all educational levels should be revisited to include components of entrepreneurship, financial literacy, and vocational skills in line with Proverbs 22:29 and Matthew 25:14-30 among others, alongside traditional theological content
RURAL WOMEN’S VOCATIONAL TRAINING PARTICIPATION FOR SUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTION
Vocational training programmes hold great potential to empower rural women and can play a vital role in fostering sustainable poverty alleviation. It is against this backdrop that this study investigates the participation of rural women in vocational training programmes for sustainable poverty alleviation in Moro Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. The study has three specific objectives which are to examine rural women's participation, willingness to participate in vocational training willingness to be self-employed after the seminar. The study employed a mixed-method design, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The population of the study was infinite. The adaptive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 121 rural women from five districts within Moro LGA. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions. The instruments were duly validated. The questionnaire has a Cronbach reliability coefficient of 0.82. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the quantitative data while thematic analysis was employed for the qualitative data of the study. The findings reveal that the extent of rural women's participation in vocational training programmes is relatively low (mean = 1.48), rural women have a strong willingness to participate in vocational training programmes after the seminar. The study concludes that systemic barriers, not a lack of interest, are responsible for the current low participation of rural women in vocational training. The study recommends among others that governmental and non-governmental organizations should establish community-based vocational hubs with flexible, low-cost training modules tailored to rural women's schedules and socioeconomic conditions.
THE ROLE OF CASE STUDIES AND CAPSTONE PROJECTS IN MARKET. BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT EDUCATION;
Case studies and Capstone projects are widely used in business and management education, however, extant literature discussing both concepts largely focused on the perspective of the writers, implying an academia-centred understanding of case studies and capstone projects, at the expense of the students; who are expected to solve such cases and projects or readers who may be interested in case studies. The primary objective of this study is to provide a guide to management students and professionals who may be at loss on how to attempt case studies and capstone projects in examinations, and in practice. Also, the study identifies effective faculty development processes and support for designing, facilitating, and assessing case studies and capstone projects in business, entrepreneurship and marketing. This study therefore offers an integrative approach to the writing and solving processes of case studies and capstone projects in business and management education. It is recommended that case study and capstone project writers and assessors approach assessments with an understanding of the possible differences in attitude and understanding of students, learners and professionals towards case studies and capstone projects
EXPLOITING THE BENEFITS OF ECONOMIC RECESSION THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITY: A NIGERIAN CONTEXT
Economic recessions are often associated with negative outcomes such as rising unemployment, business closures, and a decline in consumer confidence. However, recessions also present unique opportunities for entrepreneurial ventures that can drive innovation and economic recovery. This study explores the potential for entrepreneurship to thrive during economic downturns by identifying and exploiting recession-driven opportunities. The research focuses on understanding the types of businesses and sectors that emerge during recessions, the strategies entrepreneurs use to capitalize on these opportunities, and the role of government policies in supporting entrepreneurship during challenging economic times. The findings highlighted key entrepreneurial strategies such as cost-efficiency, market adaptation, and innovation that enable businesses to succeed despite economic adversity. Additionally, the research will assess the influence of government interventions and support systems that facilitate entrepreneurial growth during recessions. Ultimately, this study contributes to the broader discourse on entrepreneurship by shedding light on the potential benefits of economic downturns and offering practical recommendations for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and economic stakeholders to harness these opportunities for long-term growth and resilience.
LANGUAGE POLICY AND PLANNING VERSUS IMPLEMENTATION IN ONDO STATE A BLESSING OR A CURSE?
Several efforts have been made to influence the function of language in Nigeria owing to its long historical antecedents in the country. Language policy, planning and development is a deliberate effort to influence the function, Structure, or acquisition of languages or language variety within a speech community. It is often associated with government planning, but is also used by a variety of non-governmental organizations, such as grass-roots organizations and even individuals. The goals of language planning differ depending on the nation or organization, but generally, it includes making planning decisions and possibly changes for the benefit of communication. Despite many efforts that have been made to influence the function of language in Nigeria owing to its long historical antecedents in the country, yet scholars are still observing successive governments attempts coming up with different language policies that seemingly contribute to the development and decline of the use of language in Nigeria. This paper attempts to analyze the contribution of language policy and planning to the development and function of languages in the pre-colonial Nigeria as well as the effects of language planning to the decline of languages as well as the reduction of students admitted for indigenous language in Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko (AAUA) and perhaps in other universities in Nigeria recently
PERCEIVED LIFESTYLE FACTORS INFLUENCING MISCARRIAGE AMONG WOMEN IN ILORIN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KWARA STATE
Pregnancy is often viewed as a delicate and transformative period in a woman's life, where every lifestyle choice can significantly impact maternal and foetal health. For expectant mothers, understanding how these lifestyle choices contribute to the risk of miscarriage is crucial for promoting healthier pregnancies. The study examined perceived lifestyle factors influencing miscarriage among women in Ilorin East LGA, Kwara State. The objectives examined were if (i) smoking is lifestyle factor influencing miscarriage among pregnant women and (ii) poor nutrition are lifestyle factors influencing miscarriage among pregnant women. A descriptive research design of survey type was adopted for the study involving 306 pregnant women as the sample. A structured questionnaire which was validated by three experts and tested for reliability that yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.82 was used for data collection. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage to answer the research questions while Chi-square analysis was used to test the hypotheses for the study at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of the study revealed that smoking (Cal. ᵪ2 val. 138.08 > Crit. ᵪ2 val. 16.92) and poor nutrition Cal. ᵪ2 val. 41.39 > Crit. ᵪ2 val. 16.92) are significantly perceived lifestyle factors influencing miscarriage among pregnant women. The study concluded that smoking and poor nutrition are lifestyle factors influencing miscarriage among pregnant women in Ilorin East LGA, Kwara State. It was recommended that health educator should implement public health awareness and smoking cessation programs to educate pregnant women about the risks of smoking on pregnancy outcomes. Nutritional education and support programs should be introduced to improve dietary habits among pregnant women
CHALLENGES WITH THE TEACHING OF CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS STUDIES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ILORIN METROPOLIS, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
The study examined the challenges and possible solutions to the problems of teaching Christian Religious Studies (CRS) in the secondary school curriculum. In recent times, the subject has faced a lot of challenges, ranging from inappropriate methodology used by teachers, use of obsolete instructional materials, and poor student performance in the national examinations. The researchers adopted a descriptive survey research design for the study, while the study area was Ilorin metropolis. The population of this study comprised all the CRS teachers in Ilorin metropolis. The population of CRS teachers is one hundred and forty (140): 42 male teachers and 98 female teachers. The entire population was utilised as the sample for the study. The data obtained were collected and subjected to descriptive statistics. The research questions were analysed using mean and standard deviation. The results of the study revealed that teachers are not using adequate instructional resources and methods for the teaching of CRS was based mainly on teacher-centred. And this has led to students losing interest in the subject. It was concluded that the level of students’ interest is low. Therefore, it was suggested that teachers should use adequate instructional strategies in their teaching and make the subject more interesting to the students
PROVOSTS’ MANAGERIAL STRATEGIES: A VERITABLE TOOL FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SCHOOL GOALS IN KWARA STATE COLLEGES OF EDUCATION
Managerial strategies are sine qua non to the achievement of school goals. This paper examined the extent of contributions of managerial strategies to school goal achievement in Kwara State Colleges of Education. Four managerial strategies (resource management, time management, conflict management, and communication management) were identified as managerial strategies necessary for the attainment of the goals of the colleges of education. The paper concluded that the identified managerial strategies will assist provosts as tools in their hands for the achievement of school goals in the Kwara State Colleges of Education. Four suggestions were made, one of which is the training and re-training of provosts in the efficient and effective utilization of resources, through workshops, seminars, and conferences
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TRAINING PROGRAMME AS PREDICTORS FOR SECRETARIES’ JOB EFFECTIVENESS
The study examined artificial intelligence and training programmes as predictors for secretaries’ job effectiveness. Three research questions guided the study. A descriptive research design of a survey type was adopted for the study. The population comprised 63 secretaries at Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria. The sampling technique was used to select the sample size. Thus, since the study population is not large, the whole population was used, so there is no need for sampling. The study used a self-developed instrument tagged: Artificial Intelligence, Training, and Secretaries’ Job Effectiveness Questionnaire (AITSJEQ) for data collection, with 0.95 reliability coefficient. Research questions 1, 2, and 3 were answered using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC) and multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study indicated that there was significant relationship between artificial intelligence and secretaries’ job effectiveness (r = 0.458, p <.05). It was indicated that there was positive relationship between training programme and the secretaries’ job effectiveness (r = 0.604, p <.05). Also, the findings of the study indicated that was a significant composite contribution of independent variables on the dependent variable; R = 0.81, p < .05. About 79% of variation in secretaries’ job effectiveness was accounted for by explanatory variables (artificial intelligence and training programmes). It was recommended, among others, that there is a need for the government in Nigeria to invest significantly in infrastructural advancement and human capital development, which in turn will close the skill gaps, infrastructural deficits, and lapses that crop up from the unawareness of Artificial Intelligence in the technological advancement of Nigeria
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF INTERNATIONAL DISTILLERS NIGERIA LIMITED
Organizational culture plays a crucial role in shaping employee behaviour, motivation, and performance, especially in performance-driven industries like manufacturing. This study investigates the impact of organizational culture on employee performance at International Distillers Nigeria Limited (IDNL). Guided by Social Identity Theory, the research explored how cultural elements such as teamwork, innovation, inclusivity, and employee recognition influence staff engagement and productivity. A descriptive survey design was employed, targeting a population of 1,048 employees, from which 105 participants were purposively selected. Data were collected using structured questionnaires based on a five-point Likert scale. The instrument’s reliability was confirmed through Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.83, indicating strong internal consistency. Out of the distributed questionnaires, 80 valid responses were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Data analysis techniques included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and simple linear regression. The findings revealed a strong and significant relationship between organizational culture and employee performance (R = 0.712, R² = 0.507, p < 0.05), indicating that over half of the variation in employee performance can be attributed to organizational culture. Key cultural drivers identified include inclusive leadership, effective communication, and structured recognition systems. The study concluded that when employees align with an organization’s cultural values, their motivation and output improve significantly. It recommended that International Distillers Nigeria Limited (IDNL) deepen its commitment to inclusive leadership, employee recognition, and ongoing culture-building initiatives to enhance performance and long-term success.
CAPACITY BUILDING AS A TOOL FOR COMBATING YOUTH RESTIVENESS IN NIGERIA
This paper examined capacity building as a tool for combating youth restiveness in Nigeria. Socio economic factors affecting youth restiveness were discussed. After the analysis of the effects of youth restiveness, suggestions were made towards addressing the problem. The problem of unemployment should be taken seriously by the government at all levels. The unemployment reduction strategies of the community should be implemented appropriately to curb youth restiveness and communal clashes in the communities. It is suggested that government should focus on retaining on smaller, well-targetschemes for recognizable areas of skill shortage and working-for-yourselfprogrammes-capable strategies to solve or reduce the rate of unemployment among youth to the bearest minimum. This in turn will drastically reduce youth restiveness. In addition, government should improve capacity building and create job opportunities, to increase the rate of employment among youths in the society, which will reduce restiveness among the youth in the society. Besides, government should intensify efforts to promote training programmes and small scale businesses of these communities to complement the unemployment reduction strategies.
MENACE OF CULTISM IN NIGERIAN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS: THE WAY OUT
The issue of cultism has in spite of many efforts at reducing it, soared up in the Nigeria's tertiary institutions. Cultism has cast gloom over the educational sector. It is repeatedly said that the youths are the future leaders but it is a little wonder what the future holds for the youth of this country which has a good proportion of her youth as secret cult member. It therefore became imperative to carefully redress the issue of cultism in our tertiary institution where reason should rule over emotion. Undoubtedly, the issue has assumed horrifying proportion as cultic violence thrives even more. Therefore, this paper highlights why the Youths join the obnoxious set-up with relevant examples. The effects of cultism are unveiled; the realistic ways to even out the menace in tertiary institutions in Nigeria are equally discussed. It was discovered from the study that cultism among the students of tertiary institutions is real and urgent solutions is needed by government and institution at large to curb it. To collect and analyze the necessary data, the writers turned to secondary data from published and unpublished sources such as textbooks, journals, newspapers, and online resources, as well as context analysis. It was therefore suggested that, to curb cultism in Nigeria educational system, there is need for collaborative effort of the parents, school, religious organizations and government towards the moral upbringing of their children.
MANAGING PRIVATE SCHOOLS FOR BUSINESS AND ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES WITHOUT COMPROMISING STANDARDS FOR PROFIT
The article is an opinion paper. It presents a sort of business education to school owners and administrators who may wish to do business by establishing schools. The paper gives a comprehensive discourse on how to manage school business without compromising standard educational practices. In the article, the author identifies inevitable factors such as ethics, staff personality, organizational intelligence and behaviour as core in doing school business. Through analytical discourse, he explains how these and other factors such as staff discipline, communication, recruitment, enrolment, availability of facilities and funding can impact the success or failure of establishing schools for academic and business. It was specifically concluded and emphasized that schools can only be established and managed for academic and profit, if owners of schools do not undermine regulations regarding establishment and management of school as lay down by government's regulatory bodies. Failure to adhere to such regulations will result in compromising standards for profit.
EFFECTIVENESS OF E-LEARNING PLATFORMS IN DELIVERING BUSINESS EDUCATION IN UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, NIGERIA
The increasing integration of digital technologies in education has transformed how business education is delivered in universities worldwide. Hence, the study investigated effectiveness of elearning platforms in delivering business education at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined: (i) the availability of e-learning facilities in teaching business education in University of Ilorin, Ilorin; and (ii) the level of e-learning facilities utilization for teaching business education in University of Ilorin. The study adopted a descriptive research design of correlational type. The population for the study consisted of all 100 and 400 business education students in the Department of Education Management, University of Ilorin. Random sampling technique was used to select 196 students out of the total of 500 business education students. Two sets of instrument tagged “Availability and Utilization of E-learning Facilities Checklist (AUEFC) and a proforma tagged “Students' Academic Performance Proforma (SAPP) were used to collect data needed for the study. The instruments were validated by the experts and also tested for reliability. The reliability coefficients realised for AUEFC was .67. Descriptive statistics of percentage used to answer all the research questions while Inferential statistics of Pearson product-moment correlation statistics was used to test all the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that: e-learning facilities for teaching and learning business education in University of Ilorin were never available; and elearning facilities for teaching and learning business education in University of Ilorin were never utilized. The study concluded that e-learning facilities were not adequately available for teaching and learning of business education while the limited available one was not utilized. Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, it was recommended among others that government should provide adequate e-learning facilities in school so that effective teaching and learning can take place.
PRINCIPALS' SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONS AND STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined principals' supervisory functions and students' academic performance in public secondary schools, Kwara State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design of survey type. The population for the study comprised 9,939 teachers in the 340 public senior secondary schools in the 16 Local Government Ares of Kwara State, Nigeria. Proportionate sampling technique via Krejcie Mogan Table was used to select 313 out of 4855 teachers in Kwara Central, 116 out of 2102 teachers in Kwara North and 165 out of 2982 teachers in Kwara South Senatorial District. “Principals' Supervisory Functions Questionnaire” (PSFQ) and a Proforma tagged: Students' Academic Performance Proforma (SAPP) were used to collect data for the study. Descriptive statistics of mean ranking and percentage were used to answer the two research questions, while Inferential statistic of Multiple Regression was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that: principals' supervision of teachers' adherence to curriculum content is the most supervisory functions used by principals' in secondary schools in Kwara State; and the level of students' academic performance in secondary schools, Kwara State, Nigeria from 2020-2022 was beyond average. The study concluded that principals' supervision of teachers' adherence to curriculum content is the most supervisory functions used by principals' in secondary schools in Kwara State. Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, it was recommended among other things that, principals should ensure that teachers monitored the students' learning progress and outcome by effectively assessing their level of understanding in each subject that would enhance an excellent academic performance of students.
TEACHERS' LEADERSHIP ROLES AND STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated teachers' leadership roles and students' academic performance in public secondary schools in Iwo Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria. It was conducted using a descriptive research design. All 14 public secondary schools in the area were used while all the 5,201 final year students formed the study population. Three hundred and fifty-nine students were proportionately selected. Data collection was done using Teachers' Leadership Roles Questionnaire (TLRQ) Students' Academic performance Pro forma. Validity and reliability of (TLRQ) were ascertained. Testing of hypotheses was done using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. Three hundred and twenty-one copies of questionnaire returned and filling were used for analysis. The findings showed a significant relationship between teachers' leadership roles and students' academic performance in public secondary schools in Iwo Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria. It was recommended among other things that teachers should prioritise the performance of their leadership roles in the aspects of counselling, motivation, and discipline to make students sit tight to their studies and consequently assist them in achieving outstanding academic performance.
USAGE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS ON TIME MANAGEMENT SKILL AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS IN POLYTECHNICS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the use of social networks by Polytechnic students and how it influences time management skill and academic achievement. Descriptive survey design was employed for this study. Respondents comprisal lHND II students of nine polytechnics (1federal, 1 state and 7 private Polytechnics) in Kwara State. Out of total population of 2500, Sample Size Research Advisor Table was used to select 333 respondents from total population. Data collected were analyzed using percentage and mean rating. Regression analysis on SPSS statistical software was used to test one hypothesis formulated at 0.05 significant levels. The result of findings showed that digital networks usage for academic and non-academic purposes has positive and negative significant influence on academic achievement of students' in Polytechnics, Kwara State. Social networks usage also has positive significant influence on time management skill of students of Polytechnics in Kwara State. It was recommended that students should be encouraged by School Counselors to reduce time on social network usage to allow them have enough rest for the following day's work and to improve on their performances.
ASSESSING PRE-SERVICE BUSINESS EDUCATION TEACHERS CHALLENGES IN THEIR PURSUIT OF QUALITY TEACHING PRACTICE IN NIGERIA.
The study assessed the pre-service teachers challenges in their pursuit of quality teaching practice in Nigeria. Two research questions were formulated and one hypothesis of no significant difference guided the study. Survey designs were adopted for the study. The population comprised of all 181 final-year students 2022/2023 session of business education from the two public universities in Ebonyi state of Nigeria. Namely Alex Ekwueme Federal University and Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. The entire population was studied without sampling because the size is manageable. A structured questionnaire/title: Assessing Pre-Service Teachers' Challenges in Their Pursuit of Quality Teaching Practice in Nigeria, which consisted of 20 items in two sections was used to elicit information from the respondents. The questionnaire was face validated by three experts from Business education and Test and Measurement Department. Cronbach alpha was used to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire items and a coefficient of 0.88 was obtained. Research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while the hypothesis were tested using t-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed some challenges facing pre- serice in their pursuit of quality teaching practice exercises which include: difficulty in planning lessons; difficulty in using a variety of teaching methods to sustain the students interest; inadequate time; lack of instructional materials in their schools of practice; non-professional attitude of the school administrators and supervisory challenges. Based on the findings, It was recommended among others that: Government and non-governmental organizations should assist in supplementing educational materials and learning resources that would prepare the students for learning; competent and dedicated supervisors should be used in teaching practice supervisory, adequate curriculum guidelines, facilities, reference materials (such as text-book) should be made available.